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BAYAN-ÖLGII
Western Mongolia Kazakh Aimag
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Bayan- Ölgii translate as “Rich Cradle”, is the westernmost of the 21 aimags (provinces) of Mongolia. The country‘s only Muslim and Kazakh-majority aimag, it was established in 1940. It resides most in the Mongolian Altay, borders Russia to its north, and China to its west. Tavan Bogd National Park is perhaps the most vast, and quite complicated to navigate, needing border permits for both China and Russia. This series presents landscapes from its capital Olgii, to Tsambagarav National Park, followed by Tavan Bogd National Park.
TSAMBAGAREV NATIONAL PARK
This park covers 110,960 hectare park surrounds the 4208 m Tsambagarav Mountain, which is sacred to Mongolians. It was approached from Khovd and on the way to Bayan-Ölgii in the north. The park has beautiful scenery, rich wildlife, and native nomadic Kazakh and Uriankhai herders living in the shadow of the holy mountain.
TSAMBAGAREV SOUTH FACE : Yurt of the Toktoson family at the foot of Tsambagarav‘s southern face.
TAVAN BOGD NATIONAL PARK
Tavan Bogd translate as “5 Saints“, and they refer to the 5 peaks of Khuitun (cold), Nairamdal (friendship), Burged (Eagle), Olgii (Cradle) and Malchin (herder) of the mountain sacred to local Kazakhs, Tuvans, and Mongolians. The national park is one of the most complicated, which covers an area of 630,000 hectarce and is home to three large freshwater lakes and 34 glaciers, plus several waterfalls. The park stretches from Russia along the Chinese border, following the Altai Mountain Range that divides China, Russia, Mongolia, and Kazakhstan, for over 200 km. Because many prime areas of the park resides on the boarder between Mongolia and China, Mongolia and Russia, multiple Permits are required needed to see this National Park. Confusing local information makes the preparation quite difficult. Time was needed in Bayan-Ölgii for supplies, the journey relied primarily on camping.
RISING SUN ON TAVAN BOGD : Panorama of Tavan Bogd, where all peaks were revealed except Malchin peak. On the left is Alexander Glacier, and the right is Pontinin Glacier. The glacier‘s orientation makes this location difficult to photograph. Its not a sunset place because shadow sets in quick, and this is a sunrise view, and only the peaks get lighted while the glacier lies in the shade. Straight lighting gives white and blue on a sunny day, and gray on a cloudy day.
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CONVERGING GLACIER AND RIVER ARTERIES : sundown view of revealing the gravel lips which was accumulated by the moving glacier. Note that the base camp is visible on the far left along the lip.
RIDING THE EDGE OF MONTANAN GLACIER : Horsemen can be seen riding along the edge of the glcier. That is the path to Malchin Peak and eventually to Kuitun peak.
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KHOTUN NUUR PANORAMA : There are 2 ways to get to the Khoton Lake area from Tavan Bogd: walking down the valley which is a relatively straight route or drive a big loop around the surround mountains. The left bank is green and picturesque, and the Chinese border is not too far away. An absolutely stunning area, but the weather was cloudy.
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© 2025 Kim Lau